The best way to keep toxic mold from growing in a home is to start with the right construction materials and the best construction methods, and to build in as much opportunity for ventilation as possible.
Mold Prevention and Construction Materials
Many construction materials are available in a “mold-resistant” or “mold-proof” variety. Drywall is available without the traditional paper covering, which has been the site of much hidden mold growth. Mold-resistant plaster and paint incorporate a fungicide to keep mold from growing on surfaces. Mold-resistant lumber is impregnated with substances that makes it more waterproof as well as with fungicides. Interior finishing products, such as bathroom tiles, are sometimes advertised as mold-resistant.
However, keep in mind that mold-resistant building materials are more expensive and none of them can promise that no mold will grow under any conditions. Mold-resistant building materials might give homeowners an extra edge in areas of heavy rainfall, such as the Pacific Northwest, or high humidity, such as the Gulf Coast. But they must be used properly, according to manufacturer directions, and they cannot overcome basic design flaws that trap moisture. Talk to your building contractor about the possibility of using mold-resistant materials.
Mold Prevention and Construction Techniques
The greatest deterrent to mold growth is proper construction methods that keep ventilation and circulation a top priority, to control indoor moisture. Builders can take these precautions to guard against future mold problems:
- Seal all air conditioning duct joints where condensation might occur.
- Use wallpaper with an air-permeable backing, to keep from trapping moisture against walls.
- Provide for proper drainage of rainwater from the property, by correcting the grade and by using gutters and downspouts.
- Provide a floor drain near washing machines.
- Use water-resistant drywall backed by cement backer board for extra stability.
- Paint bathrooms with paint containing fungicide (or mildewcide).
- Install a high-powered bathroom ventilation fan.
- Avoid dirt floors in crawlspaces; cover with plastic sheeting. Open crawl spaces so they have the same ventilation as the rest of the living space.
- Install a layer of gravel under cement basement flooring to keep moisture from soaking up through the floor.
- Thoroughly waterproof the exterior of the foundation on all sides.
- Carefully seal the areas around all windows.
- Carefully seal any breaks in the roof around chimneys or vents.
- In cold climates, consider adding heating elements to gutters to prevent ice dams from forming on the roof.
- Avoid using fake stucco or other finishes that tend to trap moisture.
- Avoid using cellulose insulation; choose wall insulation designed for mold resistance.
Minimizing Mold Problems with Ventilation
The single most important thing you can do to keep mold from developing in new construction is to plan adequate ventilation. Ideally, each room should have multiple ways for air to enter and leave, including windows, doors, and vents. Whole-house air conditioning systems with proper drainage can pull a great deal of moisture from the air while moving air through the living space. Ceiling vents and roof fans can help draw air up through the house and out the top, providing a steady air flow that will tend to dry any moisture that might otherwise accumulate. Exhaust fans can keep kitchens and bathrooms dry.
If you are building a home, talk to your architect and contractor about designing in extra ventilation, to prevent mold build-up and to help your family breathe easier.
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